
π¦ Harlequin Shrimp
Hymenocera picta
Quick Stats
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Care Level: Easy
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Temperament: Peaceful
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Colour Form: White, Cream, Red, Pink, Purple (depending on region)
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Diet: Carnivore (starfish specialist)
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Reef Compatible: Yes
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Water Conditions: 72β78β―Β°F (22β25.5β―Β°C), dKH 8β12, pH 8.1β8.4, sg 1.023β1.025
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Max. Size: 2" (5 cm)
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Origin: Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea
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Family: Hippolytidae
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Supplements: Calcium, Magnesium, Iodine, Trace Elements
Overview
The Harlequin Shrimp (Hymenocera picta) is one of the most visually captivating invertebrates in the marine aquarium trade. Recognised by its porcelain-white body adorned with striking red, pink, or purple βharlequinβ spots and paddle-like claws, this shrimp is as fascinating in behaviour as it is in appearance.
Unlike typical omnivorous shrimp, the Harlequin Shrimp is a strict carnivore, feeding almost exclusively on live starfish β particularly Asterina species and sometimes even larger sea stars. In reef aquaria, it is often introduced as a natural method of controlling Asterina populations, though it will not hesitate to consume ornamental starfish if given the chance.
This shrimp is peaceful and reef-safe with corals and fish, but must not be housed with aggressive tankmates such as large wrasses, triggers, groupers, or predatory crabs. Best kept singly or in a bonded pair, it will often exhibit complex behaviours such as flipping over its prey and feeding in synchronised fashion with its mate.
Care Requirements
Although exotic in appearance, the Harlequin Shrimp is relatively easy to care for, provided it has access to a steady supply of its specialised diet β frozen starfish portions are now available commercially and are often preferred to avoid overharvesting wild starfish.
Stable parameters, excellent water quality, and proper acclimation (drip method) are essential. Like all ornamental shrimp, it is highly sensitive to copper, high nitrates, and rapid changes in salinity or temperature. Regular iodine supplementation is important for proper moulting and health.
Feeding
Feeding must be species-specific β Harlequin Shrimp will not accept flake, pellet, or standard frozen foods. Provide fresh or frozen starfish (Asterina, Linckia, Fromia) as its primary food source, ideally once every few days. A single starfish may last several days depending on the size and whether you are keeping a single shrimp or a pair.
Compatibility
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β Safe with corals, clams, and most peaceful reef fish
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π« Avoid housing with aggressive or predatory species
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π« Not suitable for tanks with ornamental starfish unless you intend them as food
Approximate Purchase Size
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Small: 1.0" to 1.25"
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Medium: 1.25" to 1.75"
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Large: 1.75" to 2.0"
β¨ The Harlequin Shrimp is a living jewel β captivating in colour, mesmerising in behaviour, and truly one of a kind.
For responsible aquarists willing to meet its unique needs, it offers a spectacular display and a glimpse into the complex behaviours of reef invertebrates.